§ 7.8. LANDSCAPING.

(A) Intent. The intent of this section is to establish minimum standards for the provision, installation and maintenance of landscaped areas to:

(1) Improve the overall aesthetics and enhance the appearance of the city;

(2) Increase the compatibility of development with adjacent development and the natural environment;

(3) Provide physical and psychological benefits to citizens;

(4) Improve environmental quality by reducing noise, glare, stormwater run-off and heat buildup; and

(5) Protect and enhance property values.

(B) General provisions.

(1) Applicability. This section shall apply to all public, private and institutional development, except that previously approved development need not comply (§ 1.5 Transition Rules) unless new site development approval is being sought.

(2) Compliance. All development requiring a development plan or final detailed plan shall submit a detailed landscape plan as part of the construction set. A conceptual landscaping plan shall accompany concept plans, preliminary plans and primary plats.

(3) Visibility. Where the rigid enforcement of these standards creates a conflict with the site visibility triangle (§ 7.2), the site visibility triangle shall take precedence, and the landscape requirements may be relocated or reduced to the extent necessary to alleviate the conflict upon approval of the Planning and Zoning Administrator.

(4) Preservation of existing features. Existing trees and shrubs shall be preserved wherever feasible.

(a) When existing healthy trees or significant natural landscape features impede strict compliance with the standards, the submittal of an alternative landscape plan which incorporates the existing features into the overall site design is encouraged.

(b) Existing trees may be used to fulfill tree planting requirements if the trees are in a healthy and growing condition and not included in Table 7.18: Non-Qualifying Trees. The Planning and Zoning Administrator may approve existing trees which are not included on the plant lists.

(c) Existing trees which fulfill tree planting requirements shall be protected from construction activities through the use of construction fences, barricades or other applicable methods during site preparation and construction. Protection measures shall be placed outside of the drip line of the plant material to be retained. These barricades shall remain in place during construction, and no vehicle, machinery, tools, chemicals, construction materials or temporary soil deposits may be permitted within the barriers, nor may any notice or other object be nailed or stapled to protected trees. This information shall also be shown on the site grading and demolition plans.

Construction is Not Permitted Within the Drip Line

(d) A minimum of 75% of the protected area shall be maintained as permanent permeable landscape area at grades existing prior to site development.

(e) Tree wells, tree walls or specialized fill and pavement designs shall be required in cut and fill situations and shall be fully detailed on the landscape plan.

(C) Content of landscape plan. When required, a landscape plan shall conform to the following standards.

(1) A landscape plan is required for each proposed development. The landscape plan may be prepared by a landscape professional or nurseryman experienced in landscape design and the installation and care of plant materials, but shall be sealed by a licensed landscape architect.

(2) All landscape plans submitted for approval as a component of a required development plan shall be prepared to scale on 24-inch by 36-inch sheets and shall contain the following information:

(a) The location and dimensions of all existing and proposed structures, parking lots and drives, roadways and right-of-way, sidewalks, refuse disposal areas, utility lines and easements, freestanding structural features, signs and other landscape improvements, such as earth berms, walls, fences, screens and paved areas;

(b) The name and address of the owner, developer and who prepared the plan, the date the plan was prepared, scale and north arrow;

(c) The location, quantity, size and name, both botanical and common, of all proposed planting materials;

(d) The location, size and common name of existing trees and individual shrubs, areas of dense trees or shrubs and other natural features, indicating which are to be preserved and which are to be removed;

(e) The location of barriers to be placed at or beyond the drip line of any trees to be preserved, and the type of material to be used for the barrier;

(f) Details indicating specific grading measures or other protective devices where trees are to be preserved in areas of cut and fill; and

(g) Planting and installation details as necessary to ensure conformance with all required standards.

(D) Installation.

(1) Plant materials shall conform to the requirements described in the latest edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, which is published by the American Association of Nurserymen. Plants shall be nursery grown.

(2) Plants shall conform to the measurements specified below.

(a) Caliper measurements shall be taken six inches above grade for trees under four inches in diameter and 12 inches above grade for trees four inches or larger in diameter.

(b) Minimum branching height for all shade trees shall be four feet.

(c) Minimum size for shade trees shall be two and one-half inches in caliper.

(d) Minimum size for ornamental trees shall be one and one-half inches in caliper.

(e) Minimum size for evergreen trees shall be six-feet high.

(f) The minimum size for required screening shrubs is 24 inches. Species selected shall attain the required minimum mature height of 36 inches within two years.

(g) The Plan Commission may impose a condition at the time of site or development plan approval, that plants be larger at the time of installation.

(E) Maintenance.

(1) Generally. Trees, vegetation, irrigation systems, fences, walls and other landscape elements are considered elements of a project in the same manner as parking and other site details.

(2) Maintenance requirements. The owner of the property shall be responsible for the continuous proper maintenance of all landscaping materials, and shall keep them free from refuse and debris and in good repair at all times.

(a) Replacing landscaping materials. All plant material which dies shall be replaced with plant material of the required size within 30 days of the plant material’s death. This period may be extended if weather conditions inhibit installation of new plant materials.

(b) Trimming plant material.

(1) Landscape materials are intended to grow, spread and mature over time. Landscaping materials used to fulfill requirements of this chapter may not be pruned or otherwise treated so as to reduce overall height or level of opacity.

(2) Pruning, limbing-up, topping and other inhibiting measures including removal may only be practiced to ensure the public safety or to preserve the relative health of the material involved (e.g., parking lot screen plantings shall not be lower than 36 inches three years past installation).

(3) Where a continuous solid screen is required, the frequency of the planting shall accomplish the formation of a solid visual screen within three years of the date of planting.

Trimming of Plant Materials Intended for Screening or Buffering Is Discouraged

(F) Approved plant materials.

(1) Tables 7.11 through 7.17 contains approved trees, shrubs and ground cover to be used to meet the landscaping and buffering requirements of this ordinance. Species native to the state are encouraged. The lists are not inclusive of all available plant material. Unlisted plant material may count toward requirements upon review and approval by the Planning and Zoning Administrator or his or her designee.

(2) The tables of plant materials included in this ordinance are classified by type. Trees are grouped into three categories: shade trees, ornamental trees and evergreens. Shrubs are grouped by height: small shrubs (< three feet), medium shrubs (three to six feet) and large shrubs (> six feet). Plant materials not listed on the tables will be assigned a classification based on height, spread and/or crown at maturity, using the best available resources to determine mature characteristics.

(a) Trees proposed for streets, parking lots and similar shall be broadleaf, deciduous species as listed in Tables 7.11 through 7.13.

(b) Trees proposed to meet landscaped buffer/screen requirements shall include evergreens and may be from either Table 7.11: Trees for Planting on Streets, Highways and Parking Lots (generally with high canopies, shade producing, hardy) or Table 7.12: Trees for Planting on Streets and Highways that minimize conflict with overhead utilities in this section.

(c) Shrubs are divided by size to suit their particular function and may come from Tables 7.14 through 7.16 of this section.

(d) Grasses used in designated common areas or usable open spaces should be native plantings and cool season grasses to limit the necessity for pesticides, fertilizers or other chemicals, and to reduce mowing frequency.

(3) For design flexibility, plant substitutions may be made on the following basis upon approval by the Planning and Zoning Administrator, unless otherwise noted:

(a) One ornamental tree equals one evergreen tree;

(b) One large shrub equals two medium shrubs or four small shrubs; and

(c) One medium shrub equals two small shrubs.

(4) Earthen berms and/or opaque fences or walls may be used in combination with the plant materials specified above, provided they meet the following requirements.

(a) Earthen berms shall have a maximum slope of three to one, shall be a minimum of three feet and a maximum of six feet in height, and must be entirely vegetated with lawn or ground cover within two years of the date of planting.

(b) Opaque fences or walls shall be constructed of wood, brick, masonry or other material approved by the Administrator.

(5) Non-qualifying plant material. In no instance shall any tree listed in Table 7.18: Non-Qualifying Trees be used to meet any landscaping requirements of this ordinance.

(G) Utility easement conflicts. Plant material shall be located in areas in areas exclusive of drainage and utility easements and overhead utilities. Plant material shall not be placed in the road/street right-of-way without permission from the City Street Department or INDOT.

(H) Completion. A final certificate of occupancy shall not be issued until all landscaping shown on the landscape plan has been installed. A temporary certificate of occupancy may be issued for the property for a period of up to six months as weather conditions permit landscape installation, provided that the developer shall submit a financial guarantee in the amount of 125% of the installed cost of landscaping when planting has to be delayed.

(I) Enforcement. Failure to implement the approved landscape plan, including preservation of existing features, or to maintain the landscaping in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be a violation of this ordinance subject to the penalties outlined in Chapter 10.

(J) Parking.

(1) General.

(a) (1) All landscape areas shall be separated from vehicular use areas by concrete curbing. Roll curbs may not be used for this separation if within 15 feet of a pedestrian use area.

(2) A partial curb separation will be allowed if landscaping is intended to filter stormwater as part of approved innovative stormwater drainage solutions (best management practices).

(b) All landscaped areas at the front line of off-street parking spaces shall be protected from encroachment or intrusion of vehicles through the use of concrete wheel stops. Wheel stops shall have a minimum height of six inches above the finish surface of the parking area, be properly anchored and continuously maintained in good condition. Wheel stops shall not be placed in locations of anticipated intense pedestrian traffic. As an alternative, curbing can be extended to serve the same purpose, if approved by the Administrator. Wheel stops constructed of plastic are prohibited.

(c) Plant materials required for landscaping and screening may be arranged and clustered throughout the site for uses or for areas along a lot’s perimeter where a continuous screen is not required.

(2) Parking lot interior landscaping. A minimum of 5% of the gross area of the interior vehicular use area of a parking lot shall be landscaped. Required perimeter parking lot landscaping and/or buffering shall not be included toward satisfying this requirement.

(a) For parking lots with 30 or more parking spaces, if the amount of parking provided exceeds the required minimum by more than 10%, an additional 5% of interior landscaping shall be required. Some of the landscaping requirements for excess parking may be waived if either pervious pavement or landscape islands that function as swales and provide stormwater filtration are used.

(b) Landscaped areas should be evenly distributed throughout the parking lot in the form of landscaped islands in order to reduce the visual impact of long rows of parked cars. Shade trees shall be spaced a maximum of 100 feet apart in the interior vehicular use area, with the intent to equally distribute the trees throughout the area.

(c) One hundred percent of the landscaping area shall be planted with living ground cover.

(d) Appropriate ground cover may include shade trees, ornamental trees, shrubbery, hedges and grasses. However, at least one shade tree shall be provided for every 240 square feet of required interior landscaped area. See subsection(F) above for suitable plant types.

(3) Parking lot perimeter landscaping. All on- or off-street parking regulated by this section shall have a perimeter landscaped area at least five feet wide. This perimeter landscaping shall extend the full perimeter of the parking lot. Development within the Thoroughfare and Interstate Overlay Districts require a wider buffer as per Chapter 6.

(a) One hundred percent of the landscaping area shall be planted with living ground cover.

(b) A Type C buffer shall be required on the perimeter or parking areas adjacent to public or private streets or residential districts or uses. Where there are existing deciduous or evergreen trees located in the right-of-way adjacent to the parking area or within the corridor buffer, these trees may be used to satisfy the planting requirement. When determining the number of trees required, fractions shall be rounded up to the next higher whole number. See subsection (F) above for suitable plant types.

(c) An exception may be made for car or other large vehicle sales where uninterrupted views of merchandise are needed. In this case, the plant material required per 100 linear feet shall be four shade trees and nine shrubs. All non-merchandise parking areas, including, but not limited to, customer and employee parking shall be subject to the regular parking lot perimeter landscaping requirements.

(K) Streets.

(1) Residential streets.

(a) One canopy tree shall be required per 45 linear feet. Refer to Tables 7.11 and 7.12 for suitable tree types.

(b) Street trees shall be located in a planting strip between the street and the sidewalk. If this is not possible due to lack of right-of-way, narrow existing planting strip or other reason as deemed appropriate by the Administrator, street trees shall be planted at the back of sidewalk but no greater than ten feet from the right-of-way.

(c) To minimize conflicts with overhead and underground utilities, street trees where an infrastructure exists shall come from Table 7.12: Trees for Planting on Streets and Highways that Minimize Conflict With Overhead Utilities which includes trees with non-invasive root structures and trees of appropriate height. In addition, root barriers should be utilized to shield infrastructure from tree roots.

(2) Nonresidential streets. This section applies to all commercial, institutional, industrial or other nonresidential land uses.

(a) Corridor buffer. The streetscape shall be landscaped with the Type B buffer. Required parking lot perimeter landscaping may be included within the Type B buffer if the parking lot is adjacent to the required streetscape buffer.

(b) Tree locations. All required trees may be located in clusters or dispersed throughout the yard.

(c) Lot plantings. Additional planting shall be required on lots according to Table 7.7: Lot Planting Requirements. For the purposes of this section, the yard shall mean all areas of the property not covered with structures, parking areas or other hard surfaces. Other landscape areas required by this chapter and required buffer yards shall not be included in the calculation of yard area.

Table 7.7: Lot Planting Requirements
For this land use type.....	..1 broadleaf/deciduous tree or evergreen conifer shall be required for every....
Multiple family residential and manufactured home park	1,000 square feet of yard area
Commercial	1,000 square feet of yard area
Institutional	1,000 square feet of yard area
Industrial	1,000 square feet of yard area

(L) Residential subdivision landscaping.

(1) Landscaping. Landscaping as stated below shall be required for all single-family, multifamily and manufactured home park subdivision development prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. Extensions of up to 120 days may be granted to take advantage of optimal planting conditions. Individually or custom constructed residences shall provide landscaping within 180 days after the certificate of occupancy is issued.

(2) Subdivision perimeter landscaping.

(a) Perimeter plant material. Perimeter plant material shall be provided on the perimeter of subdivision development when adjacent to a public or private street as follows:

(1) A 20-foot wide landscaping area adjacent to the road or right-of-way. The landscaping shall be located in an area designated as “common area.” All attempts should be made to avoid conflicts with drainage and utility easements that would prevent the installation of landscape materials in accordance with the ordinance.

(2) Trees shall be provided at a minimum rate of six trees per 100 linear feet of perimeter planting. Perimeter plantings shall be a roughly equal mix of deciduous canopy trees and evergreen trees.

(3) Shrubs shall be provided at a minimum rate of ten per 100 linear feet of perimeter planting.

(4) The required number of trees and shrubs shall be prorated and rounded up to the nearest whole number for every foot over the initial 100 feet.

(5) It is suggested that the required trees and shrubs be planted in clusters or irregular patterns; and shall be combined with fences, walls or mounds.

(b) Perimeter fences/walls/mounds. One of the following landscaping options shall be required in addition to the plant material.

(1) Decorative perimeter fences/walls shall be combined with plant material and shall be constructed of masonry, stone, wood or decorative metal. Fences/walls constructed of synthetic materials that simulate natural materials will also be considered. Fences/walls shall be at least 36 inches in height, but not over 72 inches in height. Fencing/walls may only be provided by the developer and only located in the area designated as “common area” or “landscape easement.” Landscaping shall be placed on the right-of-way side of the fence/wall.

(2) Mounds shall be combined with plant material, as described above, and may include fencing. Mounds shall be located in an area designated as “common area” or “landscape easement.” Mounds shall be a minimum of six feet in height. Maximum side slope shall not exceed a three to one ratio. Engineering design requirements shall determine the setback from the right-of-way line of a public or private street and from the property line of an adjoining property. Continuous mounds (levee look) are not permitted.

(3) Individual residential lots. The minimum landscape package for front and side yards shall be consistent with the table at below and the following:

(a) The minimum number of shrubs required is a total for the side and front yard combined, not for each yard individually.

(b) Lots that have existing trees in the front yard that meet the required minimum shall not be required to plant additional trees. In order for the existing trees to qualify as an existing tree, it must be a minimum size of two-inch caliper measured six inches above the existing ground elevation at the base of the tree and be part of the finish landscape package upon completion of the residence and the final lot grading.

(c) In addition to the above requirements, landscape packages for corner lots shall include a street side yard (which shall be defined as the yard fronting the street on the side of the house that does not face the street) planting of one evergreen tree and eight shrubs. The street side yard shall be sodded or covered with other living loam substitute for all developments designated SF1, SF2, SF3, TR and NB Districts.

(d) All trees shall be planted so that upon maturation the branches and limbs shall not interfere with the adjacent property use. Any tree becoming a nuisance shall be trimmed or cut back to eliminate the nuisance by the property owner.

(e) Plant material shall be placed out of the sight visibility triangle (§ 7.2). There should be a clear visibility zone between 36 inches and eight feet maintained by the property owner.

Table 7.8: Residential Lot Landscaping Requirements
Zoning District	Number of Trees	Minimum Number of Shrubs	Front Yard Sod
SF	3	8	no
SF1, SF2, SF3	2	8	yes
TR, NB	1	8	yes

(M) Retention pond landscaping.

(1) Shrubs and emergent vegetation are encouraged to be planted on pond perimeters. These plants may be exempt from minimum required plant sizes set forth in subsection (D) above.

(2) The use of this plant material is more desirable than non-native manicured turf in order to provide color, filter runoff, limit waterfowl and improve water quality.

(a) Choose plant material that is native to the state.

(b) Pond edge seed mixes are available from local suppliers. Pond edge landscaping may also be established from seed.

(c) Maintenance shall be consistent as it may take up to three years to mature.

(N) Sign landscaping. Landscaped area shall be required around the base of a sign at the rate of two square feet per one-square foot of sign area.

(O) Landscaped buffer and screen requirements.

(1) Determination of landscape buffer requirements. Buffering and screening standards are employed to minimize the appearance of service and utilitarian areas of a site and to lessen the potential conflicts between dissimilar uses located in adjacent districts. The potential degree of conflict between the zoning districts determines the extent of the buffer required. The buffer width is in addition to the required setbacks of the district.

(2) Buffer types. Buffer types A through F and their descriptions can be found in Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types.

(3) Buffer yard location. All required buffer yard areas shall be provided entirely on the subject property. The buffer yard standards only apply along the property lines where the two dissimilar zoning districts meet as specified in the Table 7.10: Landscape Buffer Requirements. The required buffer yards shall be installed despite the presence of streets, alleys and other features. Existing mature vegetation (such as streams and fence rows) may be credited towards required buffering. The required buffer yards shall meet the following minimum standards:

(a) Responsibility. The developer or owner of the property being developed or otherwise changed in use is responsible for installing the buffer yard at the time of that development or change. The adjacent property owner shall not have to participate in installing the buffer yard.

(b) Planting location. Required bufferyard trees may be placed either at regular intervals or in irregular patterns representing a natural landscape providing the screen is continuous and effective. However, no two buffer yard trees (excluding evergreen trees) shall be placed within ten feet of one another. No buffer yard or required landscape materials shall be placed within any easement, right-of-way or septic field. Evergreens shall be distributed throughout the bufferyard in a manner as to ensure that a screen is still visible during the fall, winter and spring seasons.

(c) Plant types. All required plant material for screening purposes shall be a minimum of 50% evergreen.

(d) Groundcover. All portions of the buffer yard not planted with trees, shrubs or other landscaped materials shall be covered with grass or other groundcover vegetation. Landscaping stone or other non-vegetative surfaces may not be substituted for groundcover unless otherwise approved by the Administrator.

(4) Loading area screening standards. Vehicle loading areas shall be screened from public and private roads and adjacent residential districts or uses. A Type D buffer shall be used (Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types).

(5) Dumpster screening. Nonresidential and multifamily refuse, grease and recycling disposal dumpsters shall be screened on three sides by the construction of permanent opaque wooden, brick or masonry screens. The screening shall be a minimum of six feet in height and a maximum of eight feet in height. The fourth side which provides access to the dumpster for refuse collectors shall be gated and situated so that the container is not visible at an angle greater than 45 degrees from adjacent public streets.

(6) Outdoor storage screening. All nonresidential manufacturing, assembling, construction, repairing, maintenance and storage which takes place outdoors within view of a public street or a residential zoning district shall require a landscape buffer of Type D or E as described in Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types and as determined by the Administrator or the Plan Commission.

Buffer Type A Buffer Type B Buffer Type C

Example of Some Buffer Types

(a) All other storage shall be completely enclosed by a eight-foot high screen consisting of a solid fence, masonry wall, dense plant material or any combination thereof. (See Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types, Types E and F).

(b) In instances where a non-opaque or open fence is used (chainlink), landscaping consisting of evergreen plantings shall be provided around the exterior perimeter of the required fencing planted at a rate to form a screen a minimum of six feet high.

(7) Roof-, ground- and building-mounted equipment. All roof-top and ground-mounted mechanical equipment, such as HVAC units, shall be screened from the view of all public streets by parapets, dormers or other screens. The material of all screens shall be consistent with the exterior materials used on the facade of the structure.

Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types
Type	Minimum Width	Minimum Height	Landscaping Required per 100 Linear Feet of Buffer*

A	10 feet	6 feet - trees 3 feet - shrubs	4 trees* and 10 large shrubs
B	20 feet	6 feet - trees 3 feet - shrubs	6 trees and 15 shrubs
C	5 feet	3 feet; continuous shrub screen	3 shade trees and 10 shrubs, maximum spacing 3 to 5 feet on center depending on species, provided the treatment creates a continuous visual screen
D	25 feet	6 feet	8 trees and 15 shrubs supplemented by a 3 to 6 foot earthen berm or 6 foot opaque fence
E	3 feet	8 feet	Fence or wall shall be opaque
F	25 feet	8 feet	8 foot fence, 6 foot berm with 8 trees and 15 shrubs
G	3 feet	3 feet	3 foot shrub barrier or 6 foot opaque fence/wall; permitted in CB District only
* At least 50% of all required screen trees and shrubs, unless otherwise specified shall be evergreen species

Table 7.10: Landscape Buffer Requirements

Subject Zoning Use

Adjacent Zoning or Similar Use

SF

SF1

SF2

SF3

TR

MF

MH

CB

NB

PBC

PBO

PBI

ID

IN

SF

B

B

D

B

D

D

D

F

B

SF1

B

B

D

B

D

D

D

F

B

SF2

B

B

D

B

D

D

D

F

B

SF3

B

B

D

B

D

D

D

F

B

TR

A

A

A

A

B

B

C

A

B

D

D

F

B

MF

B

B

B

B

A

A

D

A

B

B

D

F

B

MH

B

B

B

B

B

A

D

A

B

B

D

F

B

CB

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

C/G

D

C/E

C/E

NB

B

B

B

B

A

A

A

C

B

B

B

D

B

PBC

D

D

D

D

B

B

B

D

A/B

A

B

D

A

PBO

D

D

D

D

B

B

B

C

B

A

B

D

A

PBI

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

B

B

B

B

F

ID

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

C/E

D

D

D

B

F

IN

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

C/E

B

A

A

F

F

See Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types for explanation of Buffer types A, B, C, D, E and F

Special Uses
Airport	D
Artificial lake of 3 acres or more	A
Cemetery	A
Penal or correctional institution	E/F
Sanitary fill	E/F
Junk yard	E/F
Wireless communication facilities	See § 7.16 Telecommunications Facilities
See Table 7.9: Landscape Buffer Types for explanation of Buffer types A, B, C, D, E and F

Table 7.11: Trees for Planting on Streets, Highways and Parking Lots (Generally with High Canopies, Shade Producing, Hardy)
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height	Tree Category

Acer campestre	Hedge Maple	D	30 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Acer Freemanii	Freeman Maple	D	50 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Acer rubrum	Red Maple	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Acer saccharum	Sugar Maple	D	50 ft. to 70 ft.	Shade
Carpinus betulas “Fastigiata”	Upright European Hornbeam	D	30 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Carpinus caroliniana	American Hornbeam	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Celtis occidentalis	Hackberry	D	50 ft. to 75 ft.	Shade
Crataegus phaenopyrum	Washington Hawthorn	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Gingko biloba (male only)	Gingko	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Gleditzia tricanthos inermis	Thornless Honeylocust	D	30 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Gleditzia tricanthos “Imperial”	Imperial Honeylocust	D	30 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Koelreuteria paniculata	Golden Rain Tree	D	30 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Liquidamber styraciflua	American Sweet Gum	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Liriodendron tulipifera	Tulip Tree	D	70 ft. to 80 ft.	Shade
Pyrus calleryana “Aristocrat”	Aristocrat Pear	D	35 ft. to 45 ft.	Shade
Quercus alba	White Oak	D	60 ft. to 80 ft.	Shade
Quercus bicolor	Swamp White Oak	D	40 ft. to 50 ft.	Shade
Quercus coccinea	Scarlet Oak	D	60 ft. to 80 ft.	Shade
Quercus palustris	Pin Oak	D	50 ft. to 80 ft.	Shade
Quercus phellos	Willow Oak	D	50 ft. to 70 ft.	Shade
Quercus robur	English Oak	D	50 ft. to 70 ft.	Shade
Quercus rubra	Red Oak	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Sorbus alnifolia	Korean Mountain Ash	D	20 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Sorbus “Aria”	White Beam Mountain Ash	D	25 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Tillia americana	Basswood Linden	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
Tillia cordata “Green Spine”	Little-Leaf Linden	D	40 ft. to 50 ft.	Shade
Tillia tomentosa	Silver Linden	D	40 ft. to 50 ft.	Shade
Zelkova serrata “Village Green”	Village Green Zelkova	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Shade
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen
Note: Several varieties of each species may be available and may substituted upon approval by the Administrator.

Table 7.12: Trees for Planting on Streets and Highways that Minimize Conflict With Overhead Utilities
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height	Tree Category

Acer campestre	Hedge Maple	D	30 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Carpinus caroliniana	American Hornbeam	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Cercis canadensis	Eastern Redbud	D	20 ft. to 25 ft.	Ornamental
Crataegus crus-galli	Cockspur Hawthorn	D	15 ft. to 25 ft.	Ornamental
Crataegus phaenopyrum	Washington Hawthorn	D	20 ft. to 25 ft.	Ornamental
Malus hybrids	Flowering Crabapple	D	15 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Prunus “Newport”	Newport Plum	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.	Ornamental
Prunus maackii	Amur Chokecherry	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Prunus virginiana	Chokecherry	D	20 ft. to 25 ft.	Ornamental
Sorbus alnifolia	Korean Mountain Ash	D	20 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Sorbus “Aria”	White Beam Mountain Ash	D	25 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.13: Trees for Use within the Interior of a Site
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height	Tree Category

Ornamental Trees
Amelanchier canadansis	Juneberry	D	30 ft. to 35 ft.	Ornamental
Amelanchier grandifloria	Apple Serviceberry	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Amelanchier laevis	Allegheny Serviceberry	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Betula nigra	River Birch	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Ornamental
Betula papyrifera	Paper Birch	D	40 ft. to 60 ft.	Ornamental
Cercidyphyllum japonicum	Katsura Tree	D	25 ft. to 40 ft.	Ornamental
Cercis Canadensis	Eastern Redbud	D	20 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Salix matsudana “Tortuosa”	Corkscrew Willow	D	25 ft. to 30 ft.	Ornamental
Ornamental Accent Trees
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height	Tree Category
Acer ginalla	Amur Maple	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.	Ornamental
Acer palmatum	Japanese Maple	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.	Ornamental
Cornus kousa	Japanese Dogwood	D	20 ft. to 25 ft.	Ornamental
Cotinus coggyria	Smoke Tree	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.	Ornamental
Magnolia loebneri	Magnolia	D	12 ft. to 15 ft.	Ornamental
Magnolia soulangiana	Saucer Magnolia	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.	Ornamental
Magnolia stellata	Star Magnolia	D	10 ft. to 15 ft.	Ornamental
Evergreen Trees
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height	Tree Category
Abies Concolor	White Fir	E	30 ft. to 50 ft.	Evergreen
Cupressocyparis Leylandii	Leyland Cypress	E	60 ft. to 70 ft.	Evergreen
Picea abies	Norway Spruce	E	50 ft. to 60 ft.	Evergreen
Picea glauca densata	Black Hills Spruce	E	50 ft. to 60 ft.	Evergreen
Picea omorika	Serbian Spruce	E	50 ft. to 60 ft.	Evergreen
Picea pungens	Colorado Spruce	E	60 ft. to 75 ft.	Evergreen
Picea pungens “Glauca”	Colorada Blue Spruce	E	60 ft. to 75 ft.	Evergreen
Pinus nigra	Austrian Pine	E	30 ft. to 60 ft.	Evergreen
Pinus ponderosa	Ponderosa Pine	E	40 ft. to 50 ft.	Evergreen
Pinus strobus	Eastern White Pine	E	50 ft. to 100 ft.	Evergreen
Tsuga canadensis	Canada Hemlock	E	60 ft. to 75 ft.	Evergreen
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.14: Small Shrubs Approved for Screens, Hedges and Specimen Planting
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height

Aronia melanocarpa	Black Chokeberry	D	4 ft. to 6 ft.
Berberis thunbergii Hybrids	Japanese Barberry	D	3 ft. to 5 ft.
Buxus microphylla “Koreana”	Korean Boxwood	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Chaenomeles species	Flowering Quince	D	2 ft. to 6 ft.
Cotoneaster divaricata	Spreading Cotoneaster	D	5 ft. to 6 ft.
Euonymus fortunei	Euononymous	E	4 ft. to 6 ft.
Hydrangea macrophylla “Nikko Blue” spp.	Nikko blue Hydrangea	D	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Ilex crenata	Japanese Holly	E	3 ft. to 5 ft.
Mahonia aquifolium	Oregon Grape	E	3 ft. to 6 ft.
Physocarpus opulifolius intermedius	Dwarf Ninebark	D	4 ft. to 5 ft.
Prunus glandulosa	Dwarf Flowering Almond	D	4 ft. to 6 ft.
Rhus aromatica	Fragment Sumac	D	4 ft. to 6 ft.
Symphoricarpos alba	White Snowberry	D	5 ft. to 6 ft.
Weigela florida	Flowering Weigela	D	4 ft. to 5 ft.
Weigela vaniceki	Cardinal Shrub	D	4 ft. to 5 ft.
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.15: Large Shrubs Approved for Screens, Hedges and Specimen Planting
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height

Caragana arborescens	Siberian Peashrub	D	12 ft. to 15 ft.
Cornus alba, “Elegantissima”	Variegated Dogwood	D	6 ft. to 10 ft.
Cornus alternifolia	Pagoda Dogwood	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.
Cornus sericea baileyi	Redtwig Dogwood	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Cotinus coggygria	Smoke Tree	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Cotoneaster acutifolious	Peking Cotoneaster	D	4 ft. to 8 ft.
Euonymus alatus “compactus”	Burning Bush	D	7 ft. to 10 ft.
Forsythia intermedia Hybrids	Hybrid Forsythia	D	7 ft. to 10 ft.
Forsythia suspensa	Weeping Forsythia	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Hamamelis virginiana	Common Witch Hazel	D	10 ft. to 15 ft.
Hibiscus syriacus	Rose of Sharon	D	4 ft. to 12 ft.
Hydrangea arborescens “Annabelle”	Annabelle Hydrangea	D	4 ft. to 15 ft.
Hydrangea paniculata “Grandiflora”	Peegee Hydrangea	D	6 ft. to 10 ft.
Ilex meserveae	Blue Holly	E	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Ilex opaca	American Holly	E	8 ft. to 15 ft.
Juniperus chinensis	Chinese Juniper	E	6 ft. to 15 ft.
Juniperus scopulorum	Rocky Mountain Juniper	E	6 ft. to 15 ft.
Ligustrum amurense	Amur Privet	D	4 ft. to 8 ft.
Ligustrum “Vicaryi”	Golden Vicary Privet	D	4 ft. to 12 ft.
Myrica pennsylvanica	Northern Bayberry	D	5 ft. to 10 ft.
Philadelphus coronarius	Sweet Mockorange	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Philadelphus virginialis	Minnesota Snowflake	D	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Picea glauca “Conica”	Dwarf Alberta Spruce	E	6 ft. to 10 ft.
Prunus cistena	Cistena Plum	D	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Prunus triloba	Flowering Almond	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Rhamnus frangula	Alder Buckthorn	D	12 ft. to 15 ft.
Rhus glabra	Smooth Sumac	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Rhus typhina	Staghorn Sumac	D	8 ft. to 12 ft.
Salix caprea	French Pussy Willow	D	15 ft. to 20 ft.
Sambucus canadensis	American Elderberry	D	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Shepherdia argentea	Silver Buffaloberry	D	5 ft. to 8 ft.
Sorbaria sorbifolia	Flase Spiraea	D	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Syringa chinensis	Chinese Lilac	D	6 ft. to 8 ft.
Syringa hyacinthiflora Hybrids	Hybrid Canadian Lilac	D	8 ft. to 12 ft.
Syringa vulgaris	Common Lilac	D	8 ft. to 12 ft.
Syringa vulgaris Hybrids	Hybrid French Lilac	D	8 ft. to 12 ft.
Taxus cuspidata “Capitata”	Upright Japanese Yew	E	10 ft. to 25 ft.
Taxus “Hicksi”	Hick’s Yew	E	10 ft. to 12 ft.
Thuja occidentalis Hybrids	American Arbovitae	E	4 ft. to 15 ft.
Viburnum dentatum	Arrowwood Viburnum	D	10 ft. to 15 ft.
Viburnum lantana	Wayfaring Tree	D	8 ft. to 15 ft.
Viburnum lantago	Nannyberry	D	8 ft. to 15 ft.
Viburnum opulus	European Cranberry Bush	D	10 ft. to 12 ft.
Viburnum placatum tomentosum	Doublefile Viburnum	D	8 ft. to 10 ft.
Viburnum prunifolium	Black Haw Viburnum	D	10 ft. to 12 ft.
Viburnum rhytidophyllum	Leatherleaf Viburnum	D	6 ft. to 15 ft.
Viburnum trilobum	American Cranberry Bush	D	8 ft. to 12 ft.
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.16: Low Spreading Shrubs Approved for Borders, Parking Islands and Groundcover
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type	Height

Berberis mentorensis	Mentor Barberry	E	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Berberis thunbergii Hybrids	Japanese Barberry	D	2 ft. to 4 ft.
Berberis verruculosa	Warty Barberry	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Buxus sempervirens	Boxwood	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Cotoneaster apiculata	Cranberry Cotoneaster	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Cotoneaster horizontalis	Rockspray Cotoneaster	D	1 ft. to 3 ft.
Daphne burkwoodii	Burkwood Daphne	D	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Duetzia gracilis	Slender Duetzia	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Euonymus fortunei “Sarcoxie”	Sarcoxie Euonymus	E	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Forsythia viridissima “Bronxensis”	Dwarf Forsythia	D	1 ft. to 2 ft.
Hypericon patulum	St. John’s Wort	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Juniperus (spreading varieties)	Juniper	E	1 ft. to 3 ft.
Mahonia aquifolium “Compacta”	Dwarf Oregon Grape	E	2 ft.
Microbiota decussata	Siberian Cypress	E	1 ft.
Philadelphus virginialis	Miniature Snowflake	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Picea abies “Nidiformis”	Birdnest Spruce	E	2 ft.
Picea abies “Pumila”	Dwarf Norway Spruce	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Picea pungens “Globosa”	Blue Globe Spruce	E	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Pinus mugo	Mugho Pine	D	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Potentilla fruticosa Hybrids	Bush Cinqufoil	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Rhus aromatica “Low Grow”	Low Grow Fragment Sumac	D	1 ft. to 2 ft.
Ribes alpinum	Alpine Currant	D	3 ft. to 5 ft.
Spirea bumalda	Spirea	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Spirea japonica	Japanese Spirea	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Spirea nipponica	Nippon Spirea	D	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	Coral Berry	D	3 ft. to 4 ft.
Syringa patula “Miss Kim”	Dwarf Korean Lilac	D	3 ft. to 5 ft.
Taxus cupidata “Nana”	Dwarf Japanese Yew	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Taxus media	Spreading Yew	E	2 ft. to 4 ft.
Thuja occidentalis “Hetzii Midget”	Hetz Midget Arborvitae	E	2 ft. to 3 ft.
Viburnum opulus “Nana”	European Cranberry Bush	D	1 ft. to 2 ft.
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.17: Vines for Walls and Fences
Botanic Name	Common Name	Type

Aristolochia durior	Dutchmans’s Pipe	D
Campsis radicans	Trumpetvine	D
Celastrus scandens	American Bittersweet	D
Clematis jackmanii	Clematis Hybrids	D
Clematis laguninos	Clematis Hybrids	D
Lonicera brownii	Dropmore Scarlet Honeysuckle	D
Lonicera hechrottie	Everblooming Honeysuckle	D
Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Virginia Creeper	D
Parthenocissus triscuspidata	Boston Ivy	D
D = Deciduous E = Evergreen

Table 7.18: Non-Qualifying Trees
Common Name	Botanical Name	Negative Feature(s)

American Elm*	Ulmus americana*	Insects, disease
Ash	Fraxinus spp.	Disease
Boxelder	Acer negundo	Aggressive, shallow roots, weak wood
Bradford Pear	Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’	Weak branching, low branches
Brazilian Pepper Tree	Schinus terebinthifolius	Invasive
Camphor Tree	Cinnamomum camphora	Invasive
Chinaberry Tree	Melia azedarach	Invasive
Cottonwood	Populus deltoides	Weak wood, shallow roots, seeds
European White Birch	Betula pendula	Insect prone, invasive
Ginkgo (Female)	Ginkgo biloba - Female	Fruits
Hackberry	Celtis occidentalis L.	Disease prone
Lombardy Poplar	Populus nigra ‘Italica’	Insects, disease, short-lived
Mimosa	Albizia julibrissin	Invasive
Mulberry	Morus species	Fruits, shallow roots, invasive
Norway Maple	Acer platanoides	Invasive
Princess Tree	Paulownia tomentosa	Invasive
Russian Olive	Elaeagnus angustifolia	Poor form, disease prone, invasive
Senegal Date Palm	Phoenix reclinata	Invasive
Siberian Elm	Ulmus pumila	Weak wood, seeds
Silver Maple	Acer saccharinum	Aggressive, shallow roots, weak wood
Tallow Tree	Triadica sebifera	Invasive
Tree of Heaven	Ailanthus altissima	Seeds, suckers, weak wood, invasive
White Lead Tree	Leucaena leucocephala	Invasive
White Poplar	Populus alba	Suckers, shallow roots, weak wood, invasive
(Wild) Black Cherry	Prunus serotina	Disease prone
* Note that suitable disease resistant cultivars and hybrids exist as substitutes for this species

(Ord. 07-16, passed 12-10-2007; Ord. 2008-07, passed 7-28-2008; Ord. 2009-04, passed 4-13-2009; Ord. 2014-06, passed 4-28-2014)